The Fiction of Fiction in Nollywood

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Obododimma oha


Nollywood is thriving, doing exciting things to keep its staggering domestic audience. Part of this audience magic of Nollywood is in costuming: expensive beads lavishly donned by the cast of a film, their almost exaggerated body tattoos and marks, the traditional ruler seated on an expensive golden throne in a grove or thatched “palace” and called “king,” the land he is ruling called “a kingdom,” even though it is clearly a bush with sprinklings of thatched huts, with arteries of bush paths. You cannot see a single industry where the beads are made or where the expensive cloth is woven. Yet, it is a “kingdom.” Members of the Council are swinging their horsewhips or cow tails and the villagers are moving about half-nude. Yes, that is fiction of fiction Number One. The community is called “a kingdom.” What is a kingdom, after all? It could also be part of the fiction being presented. The ruler may frequently talk of “my kingdom” or “this kingdom.” You must be a circus simpleton to begin to look for “this kingdom” in a story book!

OK, why is it not “a kingdom”? Does it not have “a king,” even if no such absolute kings ever existed in spite of Igbo enwe eze (Igbo have no kings). The kings are made in the image of an oba, with palace guards and all that. The “kings” can banish anyone or take over a man’s wife, and no one can speak against that without thinking of his wrath. The king is a consuming fire and his subjects know it. If that is not enough evidence, just look at members of his household. He may have a prince who likewise is an untouchable and may spoil if he so pleases. He is followed around by palace guards. His wife, the queen, is also very powerful and commands an army of guards. His daughters have guards clearing the way for them and could spoil terribly. Don’t dream of asking for their hands in marriage, if you are of a low estate. You could be banished or tortured for that. Yes, look at the Igbo Igwe in the Nollywood film and you see fiction at work. Moreover, it is fiction construted from fiction, a different reality all together. You must suspend your disbelief that this is not the Igbo local politics that you know.

In order to make this fiction of fiction more admirable, what strategies are employed? First, loaning. One culture borrows from another. For money, not out of mere admiration or assimilation. The director thinks of what is in the vogue and in the market. Maybe at some point borrowing may be discarded or the financial pursuit ruptured.

There could, of course, be an experimental desire. I am careful not just to call it a creative strategy! It is informed by the desire to experiment, to try something out. The “Kabiyesi” model (or Kingdom design) transplanted helps us to see if it can work in another context where we think it is out of place.

Yet there is other secondary fictionalisation in Nollywood that could make one raise eyebrows. In this case, a known Hollywood film is taken and given the same or related title, with a related story. This is close to plagiarism and has little or no originality to it. The local audience may be ignorant of the international original and would be excited with the local version. Just a local content is enough adjustment! A film like What Women Want, a Hollywood film starring Mel Gibson, would have Nollywood versions like Wetin Women Want, What Do Women Really Want? What a Woman Wants, What All Women Want, etc. The cast and the supporting local story make the difference.

In the age of relativism, it becomes pretty difficult to call a plagiarism by its name. Perhaps, one has to identify this practice tentatively as “copy-copy,” borrowing that redupication of a name from my children who can tell an original from an imitation. Copy-copy practice has a way of taking intertextuality for granted.

In a society where speeches and party slogans could be made in the image of the originals, reminding one of Plato’s notion of art as an imitation of reality, or of being twice-removed from reality, why would a film not be a fictionalization of an existing fiction? It is an art, honestly.

By the way, wetin women want? Abi dem wan kill pesin? Abi pesin neva try? What (wetin) women want in the periphery may be different from what they want at the centre. It is wrong for them to want centre treatment in the periphery! They can be presidents at the centre, but no such thing at the periphery! Are our ancestors no longer on guard? Wetin women want, abeg?


The making of fiction out of fiction strikes me like parasitism, not as art. Do not go to religious music in Nigeria. Just don’t go there! The Holy Spirit as the universal author neutralizes what you call “copyright” and makes one musician change a Voice of the Cross composition to a new album and still sell it to make money. Holy Spirit ataala ahụhụ (Holy Spirit Has undergone untold hardship)! No problem. Fiction and fiction are collocates. Nollywood knows collocates and strings them together. 

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